CAROTED SAVES THE FUTURE AND ELIMINATES GREENHOUSE GASES
CAROTED PROVIDES FOR THE ELIMINATION OF APPROXIMATELY 74 BILLION TONS OF CO₂ EMISSIONs PER YEAR WORLDWIDE.
Please watch this short video with groundbreaking results of our many years of work in climate protection and book your appointment to learn more:
Facts & Figures
Worldwide, the standard solution for processing human waste (fecal matter) is the mono-incineration of wet sewage sludge.
At combustion temperatures below 900°C, sewage sludge containing human ammonia (NH3) that is dissolved in the water content forms the harmful greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O) also known as CO₂-e as emissions. CO₂-e settles at the uppermost point (ozone layer) of the atmosphere and needs a period of 114 years to be completely broken down.
In order to prevent these climate-damaging emissions - CAROTED eliminates ammonia (NH3) and water (H2O) at the very beginning of the drying process and therefore achieves zero emissions when processing sewage sludge.
In this way, CAROTED can prevent global emissions of about 1,3 Billion tons of CO₂-e per year, which equals to CO₂ emissions of 74 Billion tons per year for the current population of approximately 8 billion people.
CAROTED has been working on climate neutrality for over 40 years and has the technology to reduce CO₂ emissions of fossil resources. Here is CAROTED’s expertise in some figures, data & facts:
1.400.000 t CO₂-e
Since 1990, with just a single plant in Vorarlberg, an annual savings of 24,000 metric tons of CO₂-e was achieved. Proven in world patents.
4.064.000 t CO₂
Over a 20-year time period beginning in 1990, a plant in Inowrozlaw, Poland was able to reduce CO₂ emissions by an average of 203,200 metric tons per year, a reduction of 75% of total emissions.
1.427.000 t CO₂-e
1982 & 1986 with plant construction in Kyoto, an annual savings of 25,035 tons of CO₂-e was achieved.
40+ Years of Climate Research
CAROTED has been engaged in environmental and climate research for over 40 years . CAROTED has, designed, built and stored CO₂ in the first emission-free industrial plants as early as 1979 (CO₂ Capture).
160+ Patents
CAROTED has over 40 years of experience in plant engineering with solids, liquids and gases. CAROTED proprietary technology is reflected in over 160 patentprocesses to enable climate neutrality for people and CO₂ storage (CO₂ Capture), startingwith: UNITED STATES PATENT 4,304,049 / Dec. 8, 1981 by Curtius
600+ Installations
CAROTED has participated in the construction of over 600 plants worldwide and has significant expertise in plant engineering. For the last 25 years, CAROTED has been deeply involved in building zero emissions plants for biomass processing.
CAROTED is an appropriate resource for companies operating at scale in in the thermal utilization of hard coal. CAROTED IS RIGHT FOR YOU IF:
Your CO₂ emissions arise primarily from the utilization of lignite or hard coal
If you use other fuels, such as oil or gas, then CAROTED is not for you. CAROTED focuses on the neutralization of CO₂ emissions from processing of coal. We show you reasons in the FAQ on this page.
Your emissions exceed 100,000 metric tons of CO₂ per year
If you report lower emissions than 100,000 metric tons per year, CAROTED is not for you. For <100,000 metric tonns per year CO₂ emission, it is more economical to plant trees to neutralize emissions.
Your company has 1000 employees or more
You want your company to be climate friendly, but you are missing ideas or possibilities for the climate neutrality of your employees. With 20 employees, you can e.g. plant trees to keep the footprint CO₂ free. With >1000 employees, they have to do things differently.
Achieving Climate neutraility if a core value of your company
Climate protection starts with people!
Your company is committed to making a positive impact in achieving carbon neutrality.
Ideally, your company has profits of at least 10 million or more
Under certain circumstances, it is also possible with less profit. But you must have capital to invest in order to neutralize CO₂ emissions, and in return, to receive the recurring credits. More on this at the end in our FAQ.
You pay CO₂ emissions taxes or trade with their rights
If your CO₂ emissions rights are fully utilized or you have surplus rights to trade or be credited to your accounts CAROTED offers ideal solution for these options.
REPRESENTATIVE CAROTED - Projects and Case Studies for the Elimination of CO₂ Emissions
Sodafactory Inowrozlaw - elimination of CO₂ emission and CO₂ capture in fertilizer chalk
Problems & initial situation:
CIECH Soda Polska was founded in 1879 and is now one of the largest and most important companies in the Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodeship, employing over 1000 people. Currently, CIECH Soda Polska is the second largest producer of heavy and light soda ash in Europe.
The Problem:
1. High levels of environmental pollution of the Vistula River.
A waste product of soda ash production are limestone lakes (white lakes). These were mainly discharged into the Vistula River and caused very high levels of pollution.
2. High Energy Costs
Only low-grade, wet lignite with a low calorific value was used to treat the waste sludge.
3. High CO₂ Emissions
The steam necessary for drying requires twice the cost of flue gas treatment:
Cleaning of flue gases from lignite
Purify exhaust air and separate emissions
Objective & results:
1. From 0 to 270,000 t CO₂ credits per year
Improving application technology for lignite:
550,000 t per annum fertilizer granules from lime sludge (thixotropic)
Avoidance of flue gas emissions
Our research and development: H2O evaporation 30 metric tons per hour, CO₂ immission consistent savings 170,000 metric tons CO₂ per year
2. 50% savings in energy sources
Direct drying of the fertilizer in the flue gas flow
28 metric tons per hour H2O evaporation with flue gas cleaning
Direct CO₂ storage in the fertilizer cycle (CO₂ capture)
3. 100% elimination of limestone lakes
CO₂ chemical absorption in fluidized bed, 2 stages dry/wet
Added value of 100.000 metric tons CO₂, sold with fertilizer chalk
CO₂ savings from lignite 100.000 metric tons CO₂ per year
Development of emission-free coal drying with Ruhrkohle AG and Bergbauforschung GmbH
Problems & initial situation:
Founding of Bergbau-Forschung GmbH as a research institute of the Steinkohlenbergbauverein / Coal Mining Association for the development of new technologies for the economic extraction, processing and use of coal with the cooperation of former Ruhrkohle AG Essen.
The Problem:
1. Poor efficiency of lignite
The low calorific value of lignite (4.17 kWh/kg) is reduced by an additional 17.7% due to the water content (approx. 50%).
2. Visible vapours
The water vapour is emitted into the atmosphere and contributes to global warming (based on 1.5 degrees celsius global warming: > 650,000 standard cubic meters per ton of coal).
3. High CO₂ emissions
The poor thermal efficiency of coal resulted in high CO₂ emissions.
The plume was additionally contaminated with coal dust.
Objective & Results:
1. Reduce environmenal impact of thermal processing of coal
Improved process engineering:
Drying of coal in a closed steam cycle
Heat recovery and condensation of vapour in the heat exchanger at zero emissions
2. 59% energy savings
ACTUAL energy demand is now less than 950 kcal/kg H2O
Less heat loss due to a smaller plant size
Increased heat transfer in the vapour atmosphere, smaller heat exchangers
3. Savings of emissions and visible vapours
Condensation cannot cause any vapour emissions.
Global warming is avoided.
Emission of dry flue gases with a lower dew point.
Chugai Ro - Kyoto - Decarbonization of sewage sludge - Elimination of GHG from NH3 and avoidance of CO₂-e immissions
Problems & Initial Situation:
Chugai Ro Co., Ltd. is an Osaka-based company that manufactures, sells and installs industrial furnaces and industrial machinery. Main business areas are:
1. Energy (industrial furnaces - heating furnaces, vacuum heat treatment furnaces, high temperature furnaces, incinerators, etc.)
2. Telecommunications (precision coating equipment, etc.)
3. Environmental protection (deodorizing agents for heat storage, etc.)
The Problem:
1. Disposal of sewage sludge in Japan
Due to the TOPOGRAPHICAL conditions with densely populated areas surrounded by inaccesible mountain ranges, there is little ground available for the recycling of sewage sludge on green areas.
2. High level of odor pollution
Thermal utilization of sewage sludge leads to severe odor pollution by hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and ammonia (NH3), even at low temperatures.
3. Release of greenhouse gas (nitrous oxide aka laughing gas)
When the ammonia-containing, wet sewage sludge is burned, the climate-damaging greenhouse gas N2O is produced at a temperature below 900 °C, which is 300 times more potent than CO₂ and has a much higher negative impact on degradation of the ozone layer.
Objective & Results:
1. A savings of 1,427 millions tons per year CO₂-e in two plant installations under license for a demo and a commercial plant for a local population of 135,000
Improving of process engineering:
Development of a closed drying cycle
Production of a water-free fuel (calorific value such as lignite 3950 kcal/kg)
2. Elimination of odor emissions
Recirculation of noxious odorous substances back into the sewage treatment plant
3. Prevention of the formation of greenhouse gases
Incineration of the contents at a temperature above 900 °C and therefore preventing the formation of greenhouse gases (GHG).
Investing early in neutralizing your CO₂ emissions stops climate change and is a valuable financial opportunity for your business.
The sooner you invest, the sooner you can profit, and that profit will increase more and more, year after year, regardless of the price of coal.
Considering that at a calorific value of 6350 kcal per kg of coal, 2,88 kg of CO₂ is released, this means that 1 ton of coal releases 2,88 tons of CO₂. At a tax rate of 30 euros per ton of CO₂ released in the EU in 2023 means that each ton of coal will cost 86.4 euros (30 euros * 2.88 tons of CO₂). If you calculate this for a coal requirement of 1,000,000 tons, it comes to a total of 86,400,000 euros (86.4 euros * 1,000,000 tons).
Investing early means:
Reputation
A company that cares about the environment and is actively tackling climate change can have a positive impact on its public image and thereby also benefit in other areas, such as customer confidence and customer retention.
Climate change
Climate protection starts with the people!
Climate change cannot be stopped completely, but you can reduce and combat its effects. Climate neutrality is a small step for you but a big step for Mother Earth.
Increasing profit
Reducing CO₂ emissions contributes to increasing your profits on a recurring basis. Rising CO₂ emission prices and regulatory requirements give you a competitive advantage compared to companies that do not invest.
If you would like to join 600 satisfied CAROTED customers, just follow the next easy steps:
Step 1
Arrange a free appointment now.
Don't think it over - do it now! In the first step, you will speak with an expert from our team. In a short preliminary consultation, our expert consultant will check your qualifications for an opportunity in working together and discuss the next steps with you.
Step 2
Create an individual calculation for you. This includes the analysis of CO₂ emissions, costs and possible subsidies, grants or credits. Subsequently, the results are then evaluated and compared to decide whether a cooperation together makes sense and is profitable.
Step 3
Draft a catalog of measures containing all the necessary steps to implement the selected measures. This catalog can be used as a basis for contracting service providers and carrying out the actual implementation.
About CAROTED
I would like to share a few words here about CAROTED that are of particular concern to me.
CAROTED is a team of experienced entrepreneurs dedicated to climate protection. Members come from a variety of backgrounds including mechanical engineering, commodity trading, climate research, fluid dynamics, science, energy economics, and finance.
We have joined forces to offer the world a simple but effective solution for climate protection.
CAROTED's goal is to make people climate neutral in order to stop climate change and, in the long run, eliminate the hole in the ozone layer. Climate protection starts with people - sometimes the solution is so obvious.
Your Carmen Knote - CEO Energy
Arrange a free appointment now
If you are interested in a first appointment to make your company fully emissions-free, you can apply now.
Also, please note that due to high demand, some businesses may have to wait up to 18 months to work together with us. Therefore, it is important that you are able to implement an uncomplicated, straightforward decision-making process within your company in order to maximize opportunities to work together.
We want to work efficiently, so we prefer to work with companies that share our ideas and are ready to implement them. We specialize in making combustion processes, burning processes and businesses fully emission-free, so we have an almost 100% success rate.
FAQ
Frequently asked questions & answers before the appointment:
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The choice of energy source depends on many factors, including availability, cost and environmental impact. Hard coal releases less energy in the combustion process when it reacts with air. However, it is still a CO₂ producer - but we can neutralize CO₂ emissions. We cannot compensate for global warming in the combustion process of oil and gas.
Calculation:
- Hard coal reacts with air to CO₂:
C + O₂ = CO₂ + 97,200 kcal
- Gas with air:
CH4 + 2 O₂ = CO₂ + 2 H2O + 214,000 kcal
According to the law of conservation of energy, global warming is significantly less with hard coal. First law of thermodynamics. The heating by 2 H2O with 21,500 kcal is omitted with hard coal.
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Hard coal has a certain calorific value: approx. 6,350 kcal/kg.
It is formed from 1 kg of coal according to this equation
C + O₂ = CO₂ + 97,000 kcal:
CO₂ / kg = 44 / 97,000 x 6,350 = 2,88 kg CO₂ per kg coal
2023 - The tax savings at the price of 30 € per ton CO₂
Savings = 2,88 ton CO₂ x 30 € per ton CO₂ = 86,4 € per ton coal
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Yes. With the unlimited emissions of people and the climate damage caused by the emissions of the GHG N2O over 114 years, the CO₂-e emissions will always exist. Accordingly, the emission reduction remains our task. Additionally, the reduction is supported by the rising price of CO₂.
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NH3 - the cause is ammonia in the bodily excretions of people.
In sewage sludge 1,45 % is stored as (NH4-N). It is produced:
- When burning N2O as CO₂-e 165 kg per year per person
- In the sewage treatment plant from the water 50 kg CO₂-e per year per person
The gas N2O, released during sewage sludge incineration, is a greenhouse gas that has extreme heat absorption compared to CO₂. N2O remains in the atmosphere for approximately 114 years and contributes significantly to global warming.
It is important to note that any emissions of greenhouse gases, including N2O, contribute to the damage of the climate and should be avoided in order to combat climate change. Effective emission reduction strategies are needed to protect the climate and safeguard future generations.
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Hard coal has a specific burning behaviour. For example, in connection with the production of quicklime CaO and Calcium-Hydroxide. The production of the basic chemicals, light and heavy soda ash and sugar with sugar juice purification is unthinkable without hard coal. This is because the limestone is burned at temperatures above 900 °C.
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The EU has not specified people's climate neutrality. That is why it is so important to use the CO₂ credits directly for the people. Because each further year means further damage to the hole in the ozone layer over the duration of 114 years until 2137 - several generations later.
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There is no definite answer. But there are a number of factors that can help make this happen. Involving the private sector in climate projects plays an important role here. This can help accelerate progress and improve climate and energy strategies.
Viewed optimistically, the necessary expertise can be acquired and intensified by the population over a period of 10 years. So much faster than the effect of GHG over 114 years.
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The emissions discussed at this point are caused by human food of 100 g protein per day, which results in 20 g of NH3 per day and person.
That is in Germany 500,000 tons of NH3 emissions every year.
In the year 2022, the world had an estimated population of about 7.98 billion with a total emission of NH3 each year: 50.000.000 tons NH3.
There is a lot to do for everybody.
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It is known about anthropic emission, consisting of,
1) CO₂ emissions of fuels and 1,5 °C warming caused by thermodynamic law of conservation of energy,
2) greenhousgase GHG especially nitrous oxide N2O – 300 times stronger than CO₂, with a stability of this emission: 114 years at the ozon layer.
That’s wy immission forcast is so importend acc. to German law: TA Luft 2.2
See also Berlin Competence Center Water:
“Nitrous oxide emissionsNitrous oxide (N2O), along with carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), is a greenhouse gas. In terms of CO2 equivalents, N2O emissions are approximately 300 times more harmful to the climate than CO2. They, therefore, make up a substantial contribution to global environmental problems (climate change and ozone layer destruction).
A substantial part of man-made N2O is emitted to the atmosphere from wastewater treatment plants. However, the actual N2O emissions of a wastewater treatment plant can’t be precisely estimated, since representative long-term data and knowledge about N2O production during biological nitrogen elimination are limited. The latter is influenced by technical (e.g. aeration), chemical (e.g. water matrix) and biological (e.g. biocenosis) processes, as well as by seasonal temperature fluctuations.
In Lasso, KWB is developing a measuring concept to systematically record N2O emissions and other relevant parameters. The data obtained will be evaluated by our experts, after which the first assessment of nitrous oxide emissions at one of Berlin’s wastewater treatment plants will be carried out. The goal is to better understand the relationships between the various influencing factors and their impact on N2O formation, and to subsequently develop recommendations for preventing emissions in the first place.”
https://www.kompetenz-wasser.de/en/forschung/projekte/lasso -
What can I do as an individual to influence climate change?
a) You can reduce CO₂ emission and 1,5 °C warming on different ways, especially thermal process with closed cycle and refrigeration.
b) for GHG and neutrality “arrange a free appointment now”.
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The Federal Immission Control Act (BImSchG) regulates protection against harmful environmental impacts caused by air pollution, noise, vibrations, and similar effects. The law obliges certain plant operators to create emission forecasts within the framework of authorization procedures.
An emission forecast is a calculation based on emission data and the physical properties of the emitted substances according to the (revised) Technical Instructions on Air Quality Control from August 18, 2021. It serves to calculate the spread of pollutants in the vicinity of a plant and estimate the potential effects on the environment and the health of the population. The emission forecast is part of the authorization procedure and serves to ensure that the pollutant emissions of a plant comply with the legal limits set by statutory regulations and have no harmful effects on the environment and health.
In general, the aim of emission forecasts under the Federal Immission Control Act is to ensure a healthy environment and adequate protection of the population from harmful environmental impacts.
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14 I SPECIAL ARTICLE AQUA &GAS No. 1 I 2022
NITROUS OXIDE EMISSIONS FROM ARA
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas and the major ozone-depleting substance in the stratosphere. At wastewater treatment plants, N2O is formed during biological nitrogen removal, which is thus the largest source of greenhouse gases during the treatment process.
Reduction measures are therefore of great importance and, according to new findings, also achievable by optimizing nitrification and denitrification.
INTRODUCTION
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is considered a relevant greenhouse gas due to its high global warming potential (265 g CO2-e/g N2O) [1]. Moreover, since the successful ban of hydrocarbons containing chlorine and bromine by the Montreal Protocol, N2O is classified as the most important ozone-depleting substance in the stratosphere [2].
Fertilization of agricultural land is responsible for most of the global emissions [3]. In this process, the applied nitrogen is partially converted to N2O by microbial processes such as nitrification and denitrification.
Similar or identical processes lead to the formation of N2O in the biological process stages of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) [4]. The largest N2O emissions occur during aeration in biological treatment. Lower emissions occur in unaerated zones of biological treatment and in secondary sedimentation. Incineration of sewage sludge can also cause high emissions if operation is not optimized [5]. The global significance of emissions from WWTPs has been severely underestimated due to a lack of measurement data with sufficient temporal and spatial resolution [5, 6].
More at: https://www.eawag.ch/fileadmin/Domain1/News/2022/01/20/fa_joss.pdf
Written by: Wenzel Gruber*; Robert Niederdorfer; Helmut Bürgmann; Adriano Joss, Eawag.
Luzia von Känel; Daniel Braun, ETH Zurich
Joachim Mohn, Empa; Eberhard Morgenroth, Eawag/ETH Zurich